Lymph node cancer

Cancer of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck region occurs when cancer has spread and is detected in the lymph nodes of the neck but no site of origin of the cancer is identified.

Lymph node cancer (lymphoma) in the head and neck occurs when lymphocytes (white blood cells) in the lymph nodes become cancerous. The head and neck region contains many lymph nodes, particularly along the sides of the neck, under the jaw, and behind the ears.

There are two main types:

1. Hodgkin lymphoma: Characterized by specific Reed-Sternberg cells
2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Includes various other lymphoma types

Lymph node cancer symptoms

The most common symptoms of lymph node cancer is a lump in the neck (often painless), a persistent sore throat and/or earache. Other symptoms include:

• Difficulty swallowing
• Voice changes
• Unexplained weight loss
• Night sweats
• Fatigue

Common Treatment Approaches

The treatment for lymph node cancer in the head and neck typically involves a combination of treatment methods. Your consultant will describe your specific treatment and prognosis. The information below is for illustration purposes only;

• Chemotherapy. Usually the primary treatment that is given in cycles to kill the cancer cells. Usually combined with radiotherapy and may be given before, during, or after radiotherapy.
• Radiotherapy. Targeted radiation to affected areas, usually 30 to 35 doses are given over 5 days a week for 6-7 weeks. The treatment is combined with chemotherapy (chemoradiation) and is particularly effective for localized lymphomas.
• Immunotherapy. Uses medications to help your immune system fight cancer and includes antibody therapies like rituximab. It is often combined with chemotherapy.
• There may be additional drugs provided that target specific features of cancer cells and may have fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.

Your consultant will evaluate your overall general health at the point of diagnosis looking at the following aspects; the cancer stage at diagnosis, age and lifestyle.

The consultant will have regular check-ups with you for at least 5 years after treatment. Many patients can return to normal activities, though some may experience lasting effects from treatment, such as dry mouth or changes in swallowing function. See Post Treatment side effects.

Useful Links

Suggested additional sites that may offer helpful information:

Throat cancer tests and next steps in the NHS

Maggie’s Centres

HPV Throat Cancer Guide